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REPLACEMENT  ANALYSIS  REPLACEMENT ANALYSIS  :- Replacement analysis is a systematic assessment by a buisness of the need to replace its existing asset/assets and taking appropriate decisions there on , with the objective of maintaining / improving its financial performance. When a machine is going to replace the old machine is known as "Defender" and the new machine are known as "Challenger". If  Challenger proves the most economical in term of cost capacity, efficiency, speed of technology, and many other factors , then challenger should be accepted. REASONS FOR REPLACEMENT :- Reasons for replacement are as follows :- PHYSICAL DETERMINATION :- When a asset is put to use the value of such asset may decrease. This decrease in the value of asset is said to be due to physical wear and tear or physical deterioration. Once this type of deterioration sets in , it lead to increased maintenance repair cost on a regular basic and greater energy requires frequently. It is n...

DEPRECIATION DEFINITION OF DEPRECIATION Depreciation may be defined as gradual and permanent decline in the value of fixed assts as a result of wear and tera , obsolescence or for any other reasons. The name "depreciation" comes from the latin word "Depretum" that means "Reduction of values", so depreciation means the reduction in the value of assets which has to be considered for determining revenue. Indian accounting standard (AS-6) states that "Depreciation is allocated" so as to change a fair proportion of depreciable account in each accounting period during the expected useful life of the asset. DETERIORATION & OBSOLESCENCE When a new technology or technical knowledge , how to capture the market and on account of that , existing assets losses its value is known as Obsolescence.                                                   ...

INFLATION Inflation is not a state of high level price but a process of "continuous" rise in the general (overall0level of prices. So, inflation is a state in which the value of money is falling i.e, price price are rising. Inflation is the rate  of  increase in the average level of price of goods and services over a specified period of time. A continuous rise in the prices of goods and services in the economy that results in the fall in purchasing power of a counting called inflation. CAUSES OF INFLATION                    There are different reasons for which inflation may arise which are discussed below :-  Demand pull inflation   :- at full employment level may gets lots of money to purchase goods and services. So in all sectors demand for goods and services rise than the  supply of that goods and services. As demand increases the price of goods and services also increases.  Cost push...

  Abstract Data Types :-   ADT Introduction to Abstract Data Type : In our previous  topics  Queue  and  Stack  while reading we came across a term called ADT.   In this topic we will learn about Abstract Data types ( ADT ), but before learning about we will do a quick recap of the data types that are given to us. Data types such as int , float , long , double , etc. Are know as primitive data types , We can perform some basic operations with them such as addition , subtraction, division, multiplication, etc.                            There are also some derived data type like String and char  that we help to store alphanumeric sequence of characters and store characters respectively .  Now there may a situation when we need a all the capabilities of these data types so in stead of declaring a bunch of data ( which might cause a h...